Lathe-head



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(No Modem M. C. JOHNSON.

LATHE HEAD. Y No. 458,423. Patented Aug. 25,1891.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M, C. JOHNSON.

. LATHB HEAD. No. 458,423. Patented Aug. 25,1891.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

M. o. JOHNsoN.

LATHB HEAD.

Patented Aug. 25, 1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT lEEicE.

MOSES C. JOHNSON, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

LATHE-HEAD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,423, dated August25, 1891.

Application filed January 7, 1891. Serial No. 377,005. (No model.) v

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MOSES C. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Hartford,in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lathe -Heads, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to clutch-heads for lathes and screw machines,the object being to furnish a back-geared lathe or lathe-head comprisingclutch mechanism for changing the speed of the spindle while themachineis running, and also to provide an increased number of speedsrelative to the number of grades on the driving cone-pulley.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification,Figure l is a plan view, partially in section, of a lathehead embodyingmy present improvements. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section or sectionalplan View of the lathe-head. Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 2, showingthe back shaft thrown back to disengage the back gearing from thespindle-gears and showing also some other details in differentpositions. Fig. et is a front elevation of the lathe-head frame,together with certain details carried thereby. Fig. 5 is an endelevation of the parts shown in Fig. 4. Fig. is an enlarged plan view ofthe clutch-ring carrier. Fig. 7 is an end elevation ot' the same. Fig.Sis an end View of one of the clutelrrings. Fig. 9 is a side View ofsaid ring. Fig. lOshows the wedge in plan view and end elevation,respectively. Fig. 1l Shows a plan View and side elevation of theclutch-lever carrier. Fig. 12 is a pian view of theclutch-leversassembled on the clutch-lever carrier.4 Fig. 13 is an end View of theparts shown in Fig. l2. Fig. 14 is aseotional view similar to a portionof Fig. 2, showing a different form of clutch for engaging anddisengaging the loosely-mounted back gears on the back shaft.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures.

The lathe-head frame may be of any ordinary description-as, forinstance, the wellknown form thereof shown in the drawings, consistingof the base B, having the uprights Cland D for carrying thespindle-boxes 2 and 4, (held in place by caps 3 and 5 and screws,

substantially as shown,) `suitable arms, as (l and 8, for carrying theback shaft, and means for carrying the clutch-sleeve-actnating devices.The lathe spindle S is or may be of the ordinary description, beingfitted to turn in said boxes 2 and at and adapted to carry the usualchuck or face-plate on the end 7 thereof. i On said spindle, contiguousto one end of the front bearing 2, there is the usual latch-gear l0,which may be fixed on the spindle by means of a lVoodruff key 9, asshown in Figs. 2 and 3. Beyond this gear the cone-pulley P is fitted tofreely rotate on the spindle between said gear l0 and the collar l2,which collar is keyed to the spindle by a suitable key, as ll, and isAheld in place longitudinally by the nut 13, as

will be understood from Figs. 2 and 3. The driving cone-pulleyP may beof any suitable construction-as, for instance, the compositeconstruction shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and consisting of the collar 14,having the fiange or plate l5, and the cone proper consisting of theseveral grades p 292133, connected by the disks or plates 16 and 17. Atits larger end said cone fits the aforesaid fiangel and at itsvsmallerend fits the left-hand end of the collar l-f, being permanently fastenedto said flange and collar in a well-known manner by a system of pins.(Not shown.) The conepulley P carries two dri ving-gears 18 and.20,fixed to the right and left hand ends thereof, respectively,substantially as shown. The larger gear 1S is shown carried on therighthand end of the collar le of the cone P, being fixed thereto by thekey 1f), while the other gear or pinion 2O is fixed to the left-hand endof Said cone by suitable screws and pins. (Not shown.) This preferredand usual construction of the driving-cone may ofcourse be modified invarious ways within the scope and limits of my invention. The back shaftor backgear shaft is supported substantially parallel to the `lathespindle-head and is carried by means constructed for shifting said shafttoward and from the Iathespindle, whereby to engage and disengage theback gears from the spindle-gears. This movement may be accomplished bysupporting the back shaft by journals at the ends thereof in IOO spindleafter an old and well-known manner. I prefer, however, to employ thewell-known tubular back shaft 22, carried on an eccentric shaft 24,which is supported by eccentric journals 21 and 23 in the bearings 25and 27, formed on the aforesaid lathe-head arms 6 and 8, respectively.As shown in Fig. 2, said eccentric shaft 24 stands forward of the axisof its said journals, while in Fig. 3 said shaft stands back of saidaxis, as will be understood from the dotted lines in said figures. Forturning said shaft to shift the tubular back shaft from its forward toits rearward position, and vice versa, the eccentricI shaft is providedat one end thereof with the handle H, a suitable stop (not shown) beingusually provided for limiting the rotary movement of said eccentricshaft. The back shaft 22 has xed or formed thereon the driving-pinion26, adapted to mesh with and drive the aforesaid spindle-gear 10. Theback shaft carries, mounted to freely rotate thereon,two gears 28 and30, meshing with the aforesaid large and small cone-pulley gears 18 and20, respectively. The larger back-shaft gear 30 is provided with thefriction-rim 3l, while the smaller back-shaft gear 28 is provided withthe similar friction-rim 29. Between said frictionrims the back shaftcarries the friction-ring carrier 32, which carrier is rigidly iixed onsaid shaft by suitable means-as, for instance, the keys 33. Said carrier32 is extended, of reduced diameter at each end thereof, within saidfriction-rims. The right-hand end 34 of the carrier is furnished withthe friction-ring 35, while the left-hand end 36 of said carrier carriesthe corresponding friction-ring 37, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3. Theconstruction of the clutch details is best shown in Figs. 6 to 13,inclusive, reference being had also to the views of the assembled clutchmechanism in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The friction-ring carrier 32 has on theopposite sides thereof the similar slots 39 and 41, in which theclutch-lever carriers 38 and 40, and also the wedges 42 and 44, arefitted to slide. At one end of said grooves each of the same is widenedto form chambers 43 and 45 for receiving the clutchlevers, as will beunderstood from Figs. 1, 6, and 7. The wedge 42 in the groove 41operates the levers 46 and 48 for operating the clutch-ring 35, whilethe wedge 44 in the opposite groove stands in a reverse direction foroperating the opposite set of clutch-levers 50 and 52 to actuate theopposite clutch-ring 37. The fulcrum-bearings 47 and 49 and 51 and 53 ofthe clutch-levers iitin correspondingsockets 54 and 56 and 55 and 57,respectively, freely in the clutch-ring, as will be understood bycomparison of Figs. 1, 8, 9, 12, and 13. On their inner sides oppositetheir fulcrum-bearings, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, said levers arefitted to the clutch-lever pivot-screw 58, which screw is secured in thecarrier 40 by a clamp-screw 59, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 13.lVhen thus assembled, said levers act on the principle of a toggle-jointto expandthe friction-ring within its frictionrim by forcing apart 'theends 60 and 61 of said ring, Figs. 1, 8, and 9. During this operationthe wedge of course enters between the arms 50 and 52 of theclutch-levers,whilc the carrier 40 and its pivot-screw 58 slide in thegroove of the clutch-ring carrier. For reversely actuating theclutch-levers to release the clutch a spring, as 62, is provided, whichacts through a plunger, as 63, bearing against the inner end of saidcarrier, as shown in Fig. 3 and indicated in Fig. 7. The clutch-ringopposite to its aforesaid sockets 55 and 57 is furnished with a key, as64, which lits in one end of the carrier-groove, being held in place bya suitable screw, as 65. By this means on expanding the clutch-ringwithin the friction-rim the driving-power is communicated to the carrier32 through said key 64 instead of through the sliding lever-carrier 40,thereby avoiding any tendency of said carrier to stick in its groove.The wedges 42 and 44 are connected by screws 67 and 68, respectively, tothe inner side of the clutch-sleeve 66, which sleeve has a groove 69formed on the outer side thereof for receiving thc fork 70, which isfixed to the lefthand end of the shipper-rod 72. This rod, bcing fixedin the lower end of said fork by the nut 7l, is supported to slide inbearings 74 and 76, formed on the frame B, and actuated by the handle 73through the shaft 75 and the segment 77, fixed on said shaft and meshingwith the teeth 78 on the shipper-rod. Said shipper-shaft is showncarried in bearings formed in the forward end of the lathe-head frame,the said segment and handle fixed thereon being of relatively shortradii; but obviously said shaft may be located lower in or below saidframe.

Vhen organized as herein described, my improved -clutch-head is adaptedfor three modes of operation, the first being shown in Fig. 3, whereinthe back shaft is thrown back to disengage all of its gears from theconepulley and spindle-gears, the cone-pulley being locked to thespindle by the sliding dog or lock-bolt 80, which engages in the mortise79, Fig. 2, of the cone-pulley gear 18, said bolt being fitted to slidein the slot 81 of the spindle-gear 10 and provided with the thumb-nut 82for setting said bolt in its inner position (shown in Fig. 2) or itsouter and Working position. (Shown in Fig. 3.)

The second mode of operation is shown in Fig. 1, wherein the back shaftis thrown forward to engage all of the gears thereon with thecone-pulley and spindlegears, the smaller clutch-gear 28 beingfrictionally fixed to the back shaft by its aforesaid clutch, asindicated by the position of the clutch-sleeve 66, which is shownshifted to its right-hand position, thereby forcing the wedge 42 betweenthe levers of the clutch-ring 35, thus engaging' said ring with the rim29 of said gear 28.

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In this arrangement the larger cone-pulley gear 18 drives the back shaftthrough the said smaller' clutch-gear 28, and the shaft thus rotateddrives the spindle through the pinion 26 and the spindle-gear 10. Thisportion of the gearing mayof course be used, as set forth, with thedriving-belt on three of the grades p', p2, and p3 of the cone-pulley,thus obtaining three speeds in addition to the three obtained withoutthe use of the back gearing.

The third arrangement is that in which the back gears stand inengagement, as in Figs. 1 and 2, while the friction-sleeve 66 is shiftedtoward the left hand, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, thereby,in a similar manner to that just described, frictionally fixing thelarger back gear 30 to the back shaft. In this arrangement the smallercone-pulley gear 2O meshes with said largest back-shaft gear 30, rotatessaid back shaft at a correspondinglyreduced speed, and drives thespindlethrough the aforesaid pinion 26 of the back shaft andspindle-gear 10, thus .obtaining three additional still slower speedsfor the lathe-spindle and making nine speeds in all with a threegradecone-pulley. The difference in spindle speeds obtained by shifting theclutch to engage one or the 'other friction -rim corresponds, of course,to the proportion between' the sets of gears comprising in the one casethe pairs 1S 28 and 26 10 and in the other case t-he pairs 20 30 and 2610.

It will of course be understood that the particular kind andconstruction of clutch herein shown and described is not essential to mypresent improvements; but I have shown and described herein the clutchwhich I deem the most suitable and effective for the.

required purpose, it being the improved clutch described and claimed inLetters Patent No. 298,979, granted to me May 20, 1884.

By placing the clutch on the back shaft in accordance with my presentimprovement the amount of power transmitted through the shaft is reducedin proportion to the gearing, whereas by the old method of placing theclutch on the spindle the clutch-faces necessarily held the whole powerof the machine. The clutch, being located on the back shaft contiguousto the first or large gear of said shaft, occupies the space adjacent tothe small grades of the cone-pulley, thus facilitating compactness ofconstruction, while leaving ample room for the mechanism. Anotheradvantage of this construction is that the clutch mechanism is alwaysaccessible for disassembling the lathe-head.

Instead of the preferred form of frictionclutch herein described inconnection with Figs. l to 13, inclusive, I may substitute thewell-known form of toothed clutch shown in sectional view in Fig. 14. Inthis form of the clutch-head the back shaft is supposed to be laterallymovable, as above described; but the loosely-mounted back gears 28 and30, instead of beingprovided with friction-rims, are

furnished with the clutch-teeth 83 and Si, respectively, while the backshaftis provided with the sliding clutch 85, splined thereto and havingthe clutch-teeth S6 and S7 for engaging with the teeth of said gears,respectively. The sliding clutch has or may have a groove 8S,corresponding to the groove 69 in the sliding sleeve G6, whereby thetoothed clutch may be operated by means of a fork carried on the slidingclutch-rod 72 and corresponding to the above-described fork 70. It willbe obvious that the usual operation of my improved lathe-head is thesame, whichever type of back-shaft clutch may be employed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- I. In a lathe-head, thecombination, with the lathe-spindle and a gear iixed thereon, of thedriving-pulleycarrying a driving-gear, the back shaft supported to beshifted toward and from the lathe-spindle and driving-pulley andcarrying a gear adapted to mesh with the spindle-gear, a gear looselymounted on the back shaft and adapted to mesh with the pulley-gear, aclutch for engaging and disengaging the loosely-mounted gear with andfrom the back shaft, and means for shifting t-he back shaft toward andfrom the lathe-spindle. i

2. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe-spindle and a gearfixed thereon, of the driving-pulley carrying two drivinggears ofdifferent diameters, the back shaft carrying a gear meshing with thespindlegear, two gears loosely mounted on the back shaft and meshingwith the large and small pulley-gears, respectively, and a clutch forengaging and disengaging the loosely-mounted gears with and from theback shaft.

3. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe-spindle and a gearfixed thereon, of the driving pulley carrying two drivinggears ofdifferent diameters, the back shaft supported to be shifted toward andfrom the lathe-spindle and driving-pulley and carrying a gear adapted tomesh with the spindle- IOO gear, two gears loosely mounted on the backshaft and adapted to mesh with the large and small pulley-gears,respectively, a clutch for engaging and disengaging the looselymountedgears with and from the back shaft, and means for shifting the backshaft toward and from the lathe-spindle,

4. In a lathe-head, the combination, with the lathe -spindle and a gearfixed thereon,

of the driving-pulley carrying two drivinggears of different diameters,the back shaft carrying a gear meshing with the spindlegear, two gearsloosely mounted on the back shaft and'meshing with the large and smallpulleygears, respectively, each of saidlooselymounted gears having afriction-rim, sub-A stantially as described, a friction-clutch,substantially as described, carried on the back shaft and constructed4for engaging each of said friction-rims alternately, and means,sub

stantally as described, for operating said andhavingaslidingclutch-sleeve, of theslidlutch. ing c1uteh-1-od and the fork carried onsaid 5. In a. lathe-head, the combination, with rod and engaging saidsliding sleeve. the later-allymovable back shaft'earrying 5 back gearsloosely mounted thereon and pro- Witnesses:

vided wit-h a. clutch for engaging and dsen- H. MALLNER, gaging saidgears with and from the shaft HENRY L. RECKARD.

MOSES C. JOHNSON.

